every 與 each 的異同－橘雪子的幸福箴言

every 與 each 的異同：代名詞 (Pronoun)

A.

在許多場合兩者都可以通用｡如：

(1) You look more beautiful each (or every) time I see you
( 我每次看到你，你都顯得更漂亮｡)

(2) Every ( or Each )child received a large apple.
( 每一個小孩都得到一個大蘋果｡)

B.

若要強調固定範圍內的“全體一致, 沒有一個例外﹐
用 every (沒有強調此種意圖時﹐小數目中常用 each )；
若要強調“ 個別差異 ”( 即各有各的做法、想法等)﹐用 each｡如：

(1)
a. We want every child to succeed.
( 我們希望每一個小孩個個都成功｡)
b. Each child will find his own personal road to success.
( 每一個小孩都會找到各自的成功之路｡)

(2)
a. Every violinist practices for several hours.
( 每一位小提琴手個個每天都練習好幾個小時｡)

b. Each violinist has his own way of playing the Beethoven concerto.
( 每一位小提琴手演奏貝多芬協奏曲都各有各的方式｡)

(3)
a. Every player was on top form.
( 每一位球員個個都是在巔峰狀態｡)

b. The president shook hands with each (or every )
player in turn after the game.
( 比賽結束後﹐總統依次和每一位球員握手｡)

C.

every 可以和 almost﹐nearly﹐single, practically ( = almost )﹐
without exception 結合以強調“ ( 幾乎 ) 全體一致 ( 沒有例外 ) ”的含義﹐
each 則不可｡如：

(1) Nearly every child likes candy.
( 幾乎每一個小孩都喜歡吃糖果｡)

(2) I told every single student what I thought of him.
( 我告訴了每一位學生我對他的想法｡)

D.

every 不可指兩者中的每一個﹐永遠指三者或更多；
each 則可指兩者 (亦可指三者或更多﹐參閱上述Ａ與Ｂ)｡
因此﹐下面各例中的 each 不可改用 every｡

如：

(1) Each one of my parents has a car.
( 我的父母親都各有一輛轎車｡)

(2) Each sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics.
( 兩性都各有其生理上與心理上的特徵｡)

(3) There were roses on each side of the door.
( 門口的每一邊都有玫瑰｡)

E.

不定數量的、泛指的每一個只用 every｡

如：

(1) Every company has its own vacation policy.
( 每個公司都有自己的休假政策｡)

(2) I have every reason to believe that you are a liar.
( 我有充份的理由相信你是個騙子｡)

F.

every 只是形容詞﹐不能單獨做主詞或受詞﹐後面也不可緊接 of 片語｡
以下各例中的 each 都不可改成 every：

(1) Each had a try.
( 每個人都試了一試｡)

(2) Although the children in this group seem very much alike,
the needs of each are different.
( 儘管這組中的孩子們看起來很相像﹐每個孩子的需求卻是不同的｡)

(3) Each of us knows how serious the situation is.
( 我們每個人都知道事態是多麽嚴重｡)